Harvesting the Sky: A DIY Rainwater Harvesting System for Homestead Self-Sufficiency
The homesteading life is a constant dance with nature, a continuous learning process that pushes us to become more resourceful and self-reliant. One of the biggest lessons I've learned is the critical importance of water. Our well, while reliable, can experience seasonal dips, and the thought of relying solely on municipal water during a drought just didn't sit right. That’s why I decided to tackle a DIY rainwater harvesting system. This project has not only boosted our water conservation efforts but also significantly increased our homestead's resilience against unexpected dry spells. This isn't just about saving water; it's about securing our future.
This blog post will guide you through the process of building your own simple yet effective rainwater harvesting system, perfectly tailored for intermediate homesteaders looking to take the next step in sustainable living. It’s an affordable and rewarding project that will bring you closer to true homesteading self-sufficiency.
Why Rainwater Harvesting?
Before diving into the how-to, let’s quickly recap the "why." Rainwater harvesting offers a multitude of benefits:
- Reduces reliance on municipal water sources: Lower your water bill and contribute to community water conservation.
- Provides a free and clean water source for your garden: Rainwater is naturally soft and free of chemicals, making it ideal for plants.
- Increases homestead resilience: Ensures a water supply during droughts or well issues.
- Environmentally friendly: Reduces stormwater runoff and erosion.
Planning Your System: Size Matters
The first step is determining the appropriate size for your rainwater harvesting system. This depends on factors such as your local rainfall, the size of your roof catchment area, and your intended water usage. I wanted to primarily use harvested rainwater for my vegetable garden, roughly 400 square feet.
Here’s a simplified calculation you can use:
Roof Catchment Area: Measure the footprint of your roof in square feet. Only consider the area that will drain into your gutters.
Average Annual Rainfall: Find your average annual rainfall in inches (local weather websites are great for this).
Runoff Coefficient: This accounts for water lost due to evaporation and other factors. Use 0.8 for asphalt shingles or metal roofs.
Gallons Collected: Calculate the approximate gallons of water you can collect per year using this formula:
(Roof Area (sq ft) x Rainfall (inches) x Runoff Coefficient) / 12 x 7.48 gallons/cubic foot = Gallons Collected
Based on my roof size, average rainfall, and intended garden usage, I opted for two 275-gallon IBC totes (Intermediate Bulk Containers) connected in series.
Materials and Tools
Here's a comprehensive list of the materials and tools you'll need:
Materials:
- Two 275-gallon IBC totes (food-grade is preferable)
- 4" PVC pipe to connect to gutter downspout
- 4" to IBC tote adapter
- PVC cement
- Drill with hole saw attachment (sized for bulkhead fitting)
- Two bulkhead fittings (sized for your garden hose connection)
- Garden hose
- Screening or mesh (to prevent debris from entering the tank)
- Gravel or concrete blocks (to elevate the tanks)
- Optional: First flush diverter (for cleaner water)
- Optional: Submersible pump (if you need to pump water uphill)
Tools:
- Measuring tape
- Saw (for cutting PVC pipe)
- Level
- Wrench (for tightening fittings)
- Safety glasses
- Gloves
Step-by-Step Installation
Step 1: Prepare the Site
Choose a level location near your garden that is easily accessible and close to a downspout. Elevate the IBC totes on gravel or concrete blocks to provide gravity feed and make it easier to access the spigot. Make sure the area is well-drained to prevent water from pooling around the base of the tanks.
Step 2: Connect to Your Gutter
This is where DIY homesteading meets ingenuity. You'll need to divert water from your existing downspout into your rainwater harvesting system.
- Cut the downspout at the desired height.
- Install the 4" PVC pipe and elbow to redirect the water towards the first IBC tote.
- Secure the pipe with screws and brackets to ensure it stays in place.
- Affix the 4" to IBC tote adapter to the end of the PVC pipe using PVC cement. Ensure the adapter is firmly attached and sealed to prevent leaks.
Step 3: Modify the IBC Totes
- Cut an Inlet Hole: Cut a hole in the top of the first IBC tote using the hole saw attachment. This hole should be sized to fit the 4" to IBC tote adapter securely. Insert the adapter into the hole and ensure it is tightly sealed. This is your water inlet.
- Connect the Totes (Optional First Flush Diverter) Before directly connecting the two IBC totes, consider installing a first flush diverter to improve water quality.
- Connect the Totes (Connecting Totes): Drill holes in the lower side of each tote and connect them together with piping, creating a series of connected tanks. The higher your elevation, the better the water pressure.
- Install Bulkhead Fittings: Drill a hole near the bottom of the last IBC tote in your series (this is where you'll draw water from) and install a bulkhead fitting. This is where you'll attach your garden hose.
Step 4: Add Screening
To prevent leaves, debris, and mosquitoes from entering your system, it's crucial to add screening. You can place mesh screening inside the 4" PVC pipe, securing it with zip ties. Additionally, consider placing a screen over the inlet hole of the first IBC tote.
Step 5: Test Your System
Wait for the next rain and monitor your system. Check for leaks, ensure the water is flowing correctly, and observe how quickly the tanks fill up. Make any necessary adjustments to the piping or screening.
Lessons Learned and Tips for Success
- Food-Grade IBC Totes are Key: Ensure your IBC totes are food-grade if you plan to use the water for anything other than irrigation.
- First Flush Diverters are Worth the Investment: They significantly improve water quality by diverting the initial, dirtier rainwater.
- Regular Cleaning is Essential: Clean out the gutters and screens regularly to prevent clogs and maintain water quality.
- Consider Water Treatment: If you plan to use the water for potable purposes, consult with a water treatment specialist to determine the appropriate filtration and disinfection methods.
- Local Regulations: Check your local regulations regarding rainwater harvesting before starting your project.
The Sweet Taste of Self-Sufficiency
Completing this DIY rainwater harvesting system was incredibly rewarding. Not only am I reducing my reliance on municipal water, but I also have a readily available supply of clean, chemical-free water for my garden. My plants are thriving, and I have peace of mind knowing that my homestead is more resilient to potential water shortages. This project embodies the spirit of homesteading: resourcefulness, self-reliance, and a deep connection to the natural world.
What are your favorite water-saving techniques in the garden? Share your ideas in the comments below! This DIY rainwater harvesting system is just one step on the path to homesteading self-sufficiency. By sharing our knowledge and experiences, we can all create more resilient and sustainable homesteads. Start harvesting the sky today and watch your homestead flourish!